Use the species descriptions from two recent large studies by Niskanen et al. in 2018 (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00275514.2018.1477004) and Swenie et al. later the same year (https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/27369/) to make a key of species we are likely to encounter here.
All eastern North American species are unlikely to be native here. The following four groups are arranged in order of likelihood to be native in NL (my guess).
(because Kare Liimatainen sequenced some of my collections and identified)
(because some finds seem to fit)
(not sure I have seen these, but some pictures seem to fit)
Instructions: Start with the 11 spp of Groups 1–3. See where you get and if there are some that do not fit, then look to Group 4. Two major recent studies make unknown species unlikely (but not impossible).
Test KEY 1 with the iNaturalist project to see how well it identifies the finds, which species to include, which to drop, and which finds need more help. Refine characters and descriptions from the finds. This will produce a more accurate and circumscribed Key 2. Rachel has agreed to help with this part.
'* The results from Kare Liimatainen’s sequencing, of Andrus Voitk’s Hydnum collections, is posted under “News” on the Foray NL Hydnum Project iNaturalist site.
** Hydnum albidum prompted my interest in our hydnums—something I hope this project will finish. I was pleased to note that Rachel Swenie, in her excellent presentation, thought H. albidum should be native to NL. This was exactly what I thought, because a) the species was described by Peck, b) most species described by Peck have been found here, and c) Peck’s collecting area lies in the same isotherm as most of Newfoundland. In the early years of our forays, H. albidum was often applied to white hydnums, but these were invariably large, usually with decurrent teeth, and H. albidum is a very small species with a definite break between cap and stem, so the name seemed misapplied. After some discussion, we decided relatively early to apply H. albomagnum to all our large white hydnums, until the genus was studied. Because neither the forays nor I have found such small white hydnums in almost 20 years, I now suspect that this species is not native here, and may have been at its northern limit in NY. It is a nice species, so I should be happy to be wrong.
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